Does anyone know anyone who can talk about the merits/problems with
"electro-fishing"...its a way some states count fish...however, some have
told me it kills too many fish to be effective. Any help is greatly
appreciated. (Hello to all farmers who've helped me with other stories
before...you know who you are, even if i dont)
thanks...
Janet Babin
Indiana Public Radio
jbabin@bsu.edu
> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-sanet-mg-digest@ces.ncsu.edu
> [SMTP:owner-sanet-mg-digest@ces.ncsu.edu]
> Sent: Wednesday, January 12, 2000 6:10 PM
> To: sanet-mg-digest@ces.ncsu.edu
> Subject: sanet-mg-digest V1 #1533
>
>
> sanet-mg-digest Wednesday, January 12 2000 Volume 01 : Number
> 1533
>
>
>
> In this issue:
>
> Re: Rootworm resistant corn
> Food Minerals
> Fwd: AERO Executive Director Position
> Internship in Indonesia
> Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2000 09:45:15 -0500
> Re: Rootworm resistant corn
> Salon article on GM foods/Steven Druker lawsuit
> Re: root worm management
> Re: root worm management
> Re: root worm management
>
> See the end of the digest for information about sanet-mg-digest.
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2000 17:07:53 -0800
> From: "Toni Hawryluk" <tonihawr@email.msn.com>
> Subject: Re: Rootworm resistant corn
>
> >Yeah, I think you are right, but some people are very worried about
> putting
> >these into the soil. Obviously, when the corn roots decompose, these
> things
> >go into the soil (along with all the other corn proteins). From what I
> know
> >about soil microbiology, all these proteins, including Bt toxins, are
> eaten
> >up pretty quick by the hungry flora.
> >
> >Dale
>
>
> Was "what you know ...." the results of say, 50 years of measuring and
> recording what happened ? On - say - a range of a couple of *counties*
> where one crop - corn - is planted ? and what if the "hungry flora" is
> "affected adversely" like poisoned, by the *manufactured* Bt, so what
> you eventually have is eternally dead soil ?
>
> Toni
>
>
>
>
>
>
> To Unsubscribe: Email majordomo@ces.ncsu.edu with the command
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> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2000 20:29:13 -0600
> From: mmiller@pcsia.com
> Subject: Food Minerals
>
> The Black Hawk Institute* presents Report # 364 - Food Nutrient Changes
> 1963 to 1989. This report covers three common foods, eggs, peas and
> tomatoes, and records the values reported in the USDA Report "Composition
> of Foods" from 1963 and 1989. The figures given are for 100 grams of the
> raw food listed.
>
> If one assumes that a decline is soil fertility is expressed in the first
> order as a decline in the Nitrogen, Potassium and Phorphous levels in the
> soils, then this deficiency should also show up in the foods grown in
> these
> depleted soils. For these three foods, the Protein content (N x 6.25) has
> declined 13% according to the USDA number. The Potassium content is over
> 12% lower and the Phosphorus is 10% lower. These results are consistent
> with decreasing levels of these nutrients levels in the soil. Another
> interesting observation is that the sodium content of these foods is up by
> over 117%, the iron content is down by 23% and the calcium content is down
> by over 24% during this same time period.
>
> The data for these three food is listed below for your analysis. Mike
> Miller
>
>
> Egg, whole, raw Publication or Revision Date
> 100 gm edible 1963 1989
> 1963 Item No. 968
> 1989 NDB No. 1123 1963-1989
> Amount Mean Std. Error % Change
> Water (%) 73.7 75.330 0.067 2.21
> Food Energy (Kcal.) 163 149.000 -8.59
> Protein (gms) 12.9 12.490 0.036 -3.18
> Fat, Total (gms) 11.5 10.020 0.031 -12.87
> Saturated (gms) ND 3.100
> Monosaturated (gms) ND 3.809
> Polyunsaturated (gms) ND 1.364
> Cholesterol (mg) ND 425.000 2.373
> Phytosterols (mg) ND ND
> Carbohydrate, total (gms)0.9 1.220 35.56
> Fiber (gms) 0 0.000 Err:503
> Ash (gms) 1 0.940 -6.00
> Calcium (mg) 54 49.000 0.055 -9.26
> Phosphorus (mg) 205 178.000 2.084 -13.17
> Iron (mg) 2.3 1.440 0.028 -37.39
> Sodium (mg) 122 126.000 1.303 3.28
> Potassium (mg) 129 121.000 2.762 -6.20
> Zinc (mg) ND 1.100 0.021
> Copper (mg) ND 0.014 0.001
> Manganese (mg) ND 0.024 0.001
> Vit. A (IU) 1180 635.000 8.614 -46.19
> Thiamine (mg) 0.11 0.062 0.002 -43.64
> Riboflavin (mg) 0.3 0.508 0.013 69.33
> Niacin (mg) 0.1 0.073 0.002 -27.00
> Ascorbic Acid (mg) 0 0.000 Err:503
> Pantothenic Acid(mg) ND 1.255 0.019
> Vit. B-6 (mg) ND 0.139 0.002
> Folacin (mcg) ND 47.000 1.364
> Vit. B-12 (mcg) ND 1.000 0.047
>
>
> Peas, green, raw Publication or Revision Date
> 100 gm edible 1963 1989
> 1963 Item No . 1515
> 1989 NDB No. 11304 1963-1989
> Amount Mean Std. Error % Change
> Water (%) 78 78.860 0.508 1.10
> Food Energy (Kcal.) 84 81.000 -3.57
> Protein (gms) 6.3 5.420 0.130 -13.97
> Fat, Total (gms) 0.4 0.400 0.033 0.00
> Saturated (gms) ND 0.071
> Monosaturated (gms) ND 0.035
> Polyunsaturated (gms) ND 0.187
> Cholesterol (mg) ND 0.000
> Phytosterols (mg) ND ND
> Carbohydrate, total (gms)14.4 14.460 0.42
> Fiber (gms) 2 2.210 10.50
> Ash (gms) 0.9 0.870 0.042 -3.33
> Calcium (mg) 26 25.000 2.206 -3.85
> Phosphorus (mg) 116 108.000 4.166 -6.90
> Iron (mg) 1.9 1.470 0.050 -22.63
> Sodium (mg) 2 5.000 1.287 150.00
> Potassium (mg) 316 244.000 16.659 -22.78
> Zinc (mg) ND 1.240 0.042
> Copper (mg) ND 0.176 0.013
> Manganese (mg) ND 0.410 0.030
> Vit. A (IU) 640 640.000 0.00
> Thiamine (mg) 0.35 0.266 0.029 -24.00
> Riboflavin (mg) 0.14 0.132 0.009 -5.71
> Niacin (mg) 2.9 2.090 0.137 -27.93
> Ascorbic Acid (mg) 27 40.000 48.15
> Pantothenic Acid(mg) ND 0.104
> Vit. B-6 (mg) ND 0.169 0.013
> Folacin (mcg) ND 65.000
> Vit. B-12 (mcg) ND 0.000
>
>
> Tomatoes, ripe, raw Publication or Revision Date
> 100 gm edible 1963 1989
> 1963 Item No. 2282
> 1989 NDB No. 11529 1963-1989
> Amount Mean Std. Error % Change
> Water (%) 93.5 93.760 0.062 0.28
> Food Energy (Kcal.) 22 21.000 -4.55
> Protein (gms) 1.1 0.850 0.015 -22.73
> Fat, Total (gms) 0.2 0.330 0.062 65.00
> Saturated (gms) ND 0.045
> Monosaturated (gms) ND 0.050
> Polyunsaturated (gms) ND 0.135
> Cholesterol (mg) ND 0.000
> Phytosterols (mg) ND 7.000
> Carbohydrate, total (gms)4.7 4.640 -1.28
> Fiber (gms) 0.5 0.650 0.028 30.00
> Ash (gms) 0.5 0.420 0.025 -16.00
> Calcium (mg) 13 5.000 0.328 -61.54
> Phosphorus (mg) 27 24.000 0.341 -11.11
> Iron (mg) 0.5 0.450 0.016 -10.00
> Sodium (mg) 3 9.000 0.525 200.00
> Potassium (mg) 244 222.000 4.456 -9.02
> Zinc (mg) ND 0.090 0.012
> Copper (mg) ND 0.074 0.002
> Manganese (mg) ND 0.105 0.004
> Vit. A (IU) 900 623.000 27.637 -30.78
> Thiamine (mg) 0.06 0.059 0.001 -1.67
> Riboflavin (mg) 0.04 0.048 0.002 20.00
> Niacin (mg) 0.7 0.628 0.027 -10.29
> Ascorbic Acid (mg) 23 19.100 0.344 -16.96
> Pantothenic Acid(mg) ND 0.247 0.122
> Vit. B-6 (mg) ND 0.080 0.005
> Folacin (mcg) ND 15.000 3.102
> Vit. B-12 (mcg) ND 0.000
>
>
> * The Black Hawk Institute presents this information for your analysis and
> represents it to be as reliable as the data from any another institute.
> Since every Tom, Dick and Dennis has an Institute..... ;>)
>
> To Unsubscribe: Email majordomo@ces.ncsu.edu with the command
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2000 19:45:45 -0800
> From: Misha <mgs23@pacbell.net>
> Subject: Fwd: AERO Executive Director Position
>
> Howdy, all--
>
> Thought this position vacancy listing might interest some of you.
> Please pass it along enthusiastically in all directions.
>
> peace
> mish
>
>
> >January 11, 2000
> >
> >JOB DESCRIPTION AERO EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
> >
> >AERO --the Alternative Energy Resources Organization-- is an innovative,
> >grassroots nonprofit, working in the areas of sustainable agriculture,
> >Smart Growth and community food systems. Based in Helena, Montana, it is
> >celebrating its 26th anniversary this coming summer. Its 600 members are
> >primarily in Montana and the Rocky Mountain Region.
> >
> >The successful Executive Director candidate will have many of the
> >following characteristics or qualifications:
> >* Exhibits excellent interpersonal communication skills and has the
> >proven ability to work as a member of an integrated team. Team members
> >at AERO would include members, board, staff, funders and foundations.
> >* Demonstrates a good working knowledge and understanding of the issues
> >related to sustainable agriculture, Smart Growth and/or food systems
> >work.
> >* Is creative and has the ability to see the big picture.
> >* Is a skilled listener, thoughtful leader, sound decision maker.
> >* Has proven ability to initiate projects and effectively carry them
> >through the necessary steps to completion. Is also able to work as a
> >team leader in directing a project from start to finish.
> >* Has experience and/or knowledge of the nonprofit world, fundraising,
> >and organization/membership-building.
> >* Demonstrates strong writing skills.
> >
> >Primary Responsibilities:
> >I. Demonstrates familiarity with and passion for working in at least one
> >of the following areas: sustainable agriculture, local food systems,
> >Smart Growth, transportation, sustainable community development.
> >2. Assists staff in program planning and evaluation, fostering AERO's
> >vision and ensuring it meets the needs of its members.
> >3. Develops and oversees the budget and the financial well-being of the
> >organization.
> >4. Initiates, directs and implements (with staff and board) a successful
> >fundraising plan that includes grantwriting, special events and donor
> >development.
> >5. Hires and manages staff (five staff and three to five contractors).
> >6. Oversees the day-to-day operations of the office.
> >7. Helps guide AERO's planning, including both an annual work plan and a
> >long-range vision.
> >8. Enjoys networking with donors plus individuals, organizations and
> >foundations that do related work, locally, regionally and nationally.
> >9. Communicates AERO's vision, programs, and accomplishments through
> >public presentations, personal contacts and writing.
> >10. Communicates clearly and regularly with the board.
> >
> >Compensation:
> >$30,000 starting salary, depending on experience. Medical and disability
> >insurance; excellent vacation, holiday and sick benefits; medical and
> >childcare cafeteria plan; modest retirement.
> >
> >Deadline and Application Process:
> >Call AERO for a complete application packet. Or send a cover letter,
> >resume, 3 references and 2 writing samples by Jan. 28. You are welcome
> >to fax in the materials listed above (to meet the deadline) and mail in
> >original copies of the resume, etc. The deadline for receiving
> >applications is January 28, 2000, or until a qualified applicant is
> >found. For more information call Marga Lincoln or Jonda Crosby between
> >the hours of 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. MST. Send materials to: AERO, 25 S.
> >Ewing #214, Helena, MT 59601. Or for more information call AERO
> >(406)443-7272 Fax (406)442-9120 e-mail <mlincoln@aeromt.org>
> >
> >
> >AERO is an affirmative action employer, seeking gender, ethnic/racial
> >diversity.
>
>
> To Unsubscribe: Email majordomo@ces.ncsu.edu with the command
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2000 09:15:09 EST
> From: Twittman@aol.com
> Subject: Internship in Indonesia
>
> >>ENGLISH RESOURCE POST, West Kalimantan
> >>
> >>Ideal for people with a background and interest in: sustainable
> >>agriculture, community driven forest preservation, improving clean
> >>water access, rural women's empowerment and grassroots community
> >>education.
> >>
> >>POST:
> >>Yayasan Dian Tama, Pontianak, West Kalimantan
> >>Founded in 1987 Dian Tama has developed diverse activities and
> >>programs within the common theme of the productive and sustainable
> >>use of natural resources. Some of their core activities include:
> >>o Utilizing charcoal technology for organic farming and soil
> improvement.
> >>o The transfer of charcoal technology to women.
> >>o Developing charcoal filters for communities with limited
> >>access to clean water.
> >>o Encouraging forest communities to conserve forest resources
> >>by developing small scale enterprises for the production and
> >>marketing of non-timber forest products (such as rubber and bamboo,
> >>tree bark, coconut shell and rattan handicrafts).
> >>
> >>Volunteer Role:
> >>Act as a liaison with foreign funding agencies, translate and edit
> >>grant proposals, teach staff English. Lend ideas and implement
> >>improvements in project organization, community outreach, document
> >>and collect project data, develop own projects based on interest and
> >>relevance to YDT.
> >>
> >>Qualifications:
> >>Good writing skills, proficiency with computers, ability to work
> >>well with diverse populations, flexibility, self-initiative,
> >>creativity. An ability to learn Indonesian quickly. An interest in
> >>and experience with non-governmental organizations A background in
> >>sustainable agriculture, organic farming, conservation, and
> >>community development required. (Japanese language skills helpful).
> >>Must attend California based pre-departure training on 4 seperate
> >>weekends from March to May. See website for program details.
> >>
> >>Compensation:
> >>A monthly stipend for housing and living expenses. Round-trip
> >>international airfare, pre-departure training, in country
> >>orientation, three weeks of intensive language instruction.
> >>
> >>The place:
> >>Pontianak is Borneo's largest city and West Kalimantan's center of
> >>government, trade, banking and culture. It lies on the equator and
> >>is just north of Indonesia's longest river, the Kapuas, the main
> >>highway into the interior of the Borneo jungle. Pontianak is a
> >>diverse city with Melayu, Dayak, Madurese and Chinese Indonesian
> >>populations.
> >>
> >>Length of position: 2 years. Departure date July 2000. Applications
> >>due Feburary 7th 2000.
> >>
> >>Contact Michelle Bates-Benetua at 650.725.7433 or by e-mail,
> indolao@igc.org
> >>Visit our website at http://www.volasia.org for more information about
> VIA.
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >
> >
> >
> >Michelle Bates-Benetua
> >Program Director for Indonesia and Laos
> >
> >*****Please note new address******
> >Volunteers in Asia
> >PO Box 20266
> >Stanford, CA 94039
> >650.725.7433 (phone)
> >650.725.1805 (fax)
> >http://www.volasia.org
>
> To Unsubscribe: Email majordomo@ces.ncsu.edu with the command
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2000 09:45:15 -0500
> From: Sustainable Agriculture Network <SAN@nal.usda.gov>
> Subject: Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2000 09:45:15 -0500
>
> Hello,
>
> I need some help with a question. A farmer is growing lima beans and
> may irrigate with water from a river that has a salt content to it. The
> question is whether there are any upland plants that take up salt out of
> the soil, to remedy a potential problem of irrigating with salt water.
> This is on the East Coast- MidAtlantic area. Thanks in advance for any
> tips or leads. I searched the archives and came up with zippo.
> With peace,
> Janet
> USDA-NRCS
> Dover DE
>
>
> Janet Graham, Ecological Agronomist
> 302-678-0843 tel/fax
> 302-678-4178 tel work
> NRCS-IRT
> 1203 College Park Dr. Suite 101
> Dover, DE 19904
> graham@de.usda.gov
>
>
> To Unsubscribe: Email majordomo@ces.ncsu.edu with the command
> "unsubscribe sanet-mg". If you receive the digest format, use the command
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2000 09:52:43 -0600
> From: "E. Ann Clark" <eaclark@uoguelph.ca>
> Subject: Re: Rootworm resistant corn
>
> Dale and others: GE-Bt is not the same as conventional soil microbe Bt.
> The
> key differences include:
>
> a) GE-Bt is formed in each plant pesticidal cell as an active endotoxin.
> It
> exists in that form in each cell through its lifespan and enters the soil
> in
> that form when the plant dies. Soil microbe Bt exists in each microbe as
> an
> *inactive* precurser which becomes activated only under very specialized
> circumstances in the gut of particular organisms.
>
> b) original Bt is rapidly broken down by UV etc. when applied as a foliar
> spray. GE-Bt, once it is in the soil, retains insecticidal activity for
> at
> least 6 months, according to a series of articles from the lab of Stotzky
> at NY
> University (e.g. Tapp, H. and G. Stotzky. 1998. Persistence of the
> insecticidal
> toxin from Bt subsp. Kurstaki in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30:471-476).
> It is
> true that GE-Bt is a substrate for microbial degradation and does decay in
> the
> soil, but consider the issue of scale (see below).
>
> c) It was this lab that showed in a recent article (Saxena, D., S. Flores,
> and
> G. Stotzky. 1999. Insecticidal toxin in root exudates from Bt corn. Nature
> 402:480) another key difference between original and GE Bt. GE Bt plants
> actively exude active endotoxin during their lifetime, so the insecticidal
> properties of GE Bt need not wait until plant death to exert their
> effects, if
> any, on soil biota.
>
> d) Other studies showing an effect of other transgenic plants (not Bt) on
> soil
> biota include the following:
>
> Donegan, K.K., R.J. Seidler, V.J. Fieland, D.L. Schaller, C.J. Palm, L.M.
> Ganio,
> D.M. Cardwell, and Y. Steinberger. 1997. Decomposition of genetically
> engineered
> tobacco under field conditions: persistence of proteinase inhibitor I
> product
> and effects on soil microbial respiration and protozoa, nematode and
> microarthropod populations. J. Applied Ecology 34:767-777.
>
> Doyle, J.D., G. Stotzky, G. McClung, and C.W. Hendricks. 1995. Effects of
> genetically engineered microorganisms on microbial populations and
> processes in
> natural habitats. Adv. Appl. Micro. 40.
>
> Giovanni, G.D., L.S. Watrud, R.J. Seidler, and F. Widmer. 1999. Comparison
> of
> parental and transgenic alfalfa rhizosphere bacterial communities using
> biolog
> GN metabolic fingerprinting and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic
> Consensus
> Sequence -PRC (ERIC-PCR). Microb. Ecol. 37:129-139.
>
> e) Not only does GE Bt expose humans, fed livestock, soil biota, and
> everything
> else to a completely unprecedented endotoxin (e.g. active, not the
> precursor),
> but it also does so on an inconceivably larger scale - every cell of every
> plant
> on tens of millions of hectares every year.
>
> No, this is not the same as soil microbe Bt, not by a long shot. Ann
>
>
>
>
>
>
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2000 09:00:10 -0700
> From: Lee Row <leerow@chorus.net>
> Subject: Salon article on GM foods/Steven Druker lawsuit
>
> Longish article today which focuses on Druker's '98 lawsuit & which
> includes a more general discussion of GM foods & FDA/USG issues.
>
> About the author: Kristi Coale is an associate with the San
> Francisco-based Center for Investigative
> Reporting. Her work for this story has been
> supported through the center's Fund for
> Investigative Reporting on the Environment.
>
>
>
> http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2000/01/12/food/index.html
>
>
> lee
>
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2000 10:17:27 -0500 (EST)
> From: Byron Simonds <bsimonds@hertford.ces.state.nc.us>
> Subject: Re: root worm management
>
> In North Carolina we have a problem with Southern Corn Rootworm. This pest
> goes
> by many names and can attack many different families of crops. The
> adults
> will feed on Soybean foliage then move to a more suitable host egg
> deposition
> (ie. corn, peanut, etc.). Adults will also feed on Cucumber, Melons,
> Pumpkins,
> and Peanut foliage and deposit eggs in these crops.
>
> Southern Corn Rootworm has been extensively studied in Peanuts in NC. In
> Peanuts the inmature larval stage attacks the pod and nut of the peanut
> plant
> in the ground. This can be very devistating to the crop and the lively
> hood of
> the farmer. Soil color, soil texture, soil moisture, plant size, ground
> cover,
> and weather play interacting roles in the development of this pest in a
> peanut
> crop on any given year. The relative location of the crop to another host
> plant
> plays an insignificant role in this development. Several years have been
> spent
> studying this pest in Peanuts, due to the potential destruction that can
> occur,
> to develop a predictive model of an outbreak. In some years soil color
> played
> a major role in development in other years it did not, same with texture.
> Weather plays a very significant role but again was not always the a good
> predictor. Number of adults on the peanut foliage did not corelate
> directly to
> severity of attack to the pod/nut.
>
> With the mobility of the adult Southern Corn Rootworm and the variety of
> host
> plants, rotation plays a very limited role in the development of this pest
> in
> NC.
>
> Perhaps the Northern Corn Rootworm does not have a variety of host plants
> and
> is also non mobile! If this is the case then go rotation, rotation,
> rotation.
>
>
>
> On Jan 11, 12:51pm, E. Ann Clark wrote:
> > Subject: Re: root worm management
> > Bill: Well put. Genetic engineering is a genetic solution for a
> management
> > problem, and a doubly costly one. Not only does GE seed cost more, but
> it
> > exacerbates the problem it is intended to resolve - sort of like
> chemicals,
> > eh?.
> >
> > It is the wrong answer to the wrong question.
> >
> > As noted below, crop rotation can control rootworms, but I'm not clear
> that
> > this would help for cornborer or Colorado potato beetle - the current
> fave of
> > Bt-afficionados - because they are mobile. Ann
> >
> > Bill Liebhardt wrote:
> >
> > > In the mid 1980's I was a speaker at a conference at Purdue. At this
> > > conference a speaker made a presentation about all the chemical
> treatments
> > > that could be used to control root worms in corn and how effective
> they
> > > were. At the end of his talk he said almost as an after thought that
> if
> > > you had a rotation of other crops with corn that root worms were not a
> > > factor in the production of corn. In other words crop diversity would
> solve
> > > the the problem. So if corn was grown in a rotation we would not need
> the
> > > chemicals or the Bt corn in the first place. Seems to me like a
> common
> > > contemporary problem-ignoring ecological principals. How do we deal
> with
> > > this? We create chemicals and plants that can get around the problem
> that
> > > was created by mismanagement in the first place and we call this new
> > > technology. Maybe we should approach the problem as a management
> problem
> > > but we always seems to want the next silver bullet to bail us out of a
> > > problem that could be dealt with in a much easier fashion.
> > >
> > > Bill Liebhardt
> > >
> > > To Unsubscribe: Email majordomo@ces.ncsu.edu with the command
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> > >
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> >
> >
> >
> >
> > To Unsubscribe: Email majordomo@ces.ncsu.edu with the command
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> >-- End of excerpt from E. Ann Clark
>
>
>
> - --
> Byron Simonds
> E-Mail : bsimonds@hertford
> Internet: bsimonds@hertford.ces.ncsu.edu
> Phone : (252) 358-7822
> Fax : (252) 358-7880
>
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> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2000 12:41:55 -0500 (EST)
> From: Byron Simonds <bsimonds@hertford.ces.state.nc.us>
> Subject: Re: root worm management
>
> >Byron: thanks for clarifying the mobility question. Its useful to know
> that
> both
> >rootworm and borer are sufficiently mobile that rotation is not a
> meaningful
> >approach. What I'm not clear on is what other managerial approaches may
> be
> >effective in dealing with rootworm and cornborer, apart from rotation.
> Does
> >residue incorporation help? Timing of planting? Thanks. Ann
>
>
> Ann, In the case of Corn or Soybeans, plant vigor plays a major role in
> the
> severity, or lack there of, by Southern Corn Rootworm.
>
> For Peanut pods/nuts stage of maturity from early August - early September
> is
> critical in normal years. If weather conditions delay maturity,
> ie..drought,
> cool temps early season, early season thrips damage, or any number of
> factors
> that delay maturity then mid August - mid September becomes the critical
> dates
> for attack by Southern Corn Rootworm . Normally after first week of Sept.
> the
> harvestable pods are mature enough that the larval stage can not damage
> the
> crop. Under poor early season conditions, any pod/nut that is not mature
> enough
> to withstand attack through mid Sept. probably will not mature before
> freezing
> temps stops the maturity process.
>
> So early season plant vigor is important in culturally winning the race
> with
> this insect in peanuts. But here again there are other factors that also
> play a
> role such as soil color, texture, moisture. This insect/soil/weather
> interaction is extremely complex in Peanuts in NC.
>
> For European Corn Borer, destruction of host crop residues in the fall
> greatly
> reduces the number of insects over wintering. This also aids in the
> control of
> Tomato/Tobacco Hornworms for next season. However, if I am the only one in
> my
> community that does this practice then there is not much of a benefit.
> Research done in the '70s showed that crop destruction in the fall by
> mowing
> was better than disking. Mowing is very expensive in time, fuel, & parts.
> - --
> Byron Simonds
> E-Mail : bsimonds@hertford
> Internet: bsimonds@hertford.ces.ncsu.edu
> Phone : (252) 358-7822
> Fax : (252) 358-7880
>
> To Unsubscribe: Email majordomo@ces.ncsu.edu with the command
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Wed, 12 Jan 2000 12:52:29 -0600
> From: "E. Ann Clark" <eaclark@uoguelph.ca>
> Subject: Re: root worm management
>
> Byron: based on the following, would I be correct in concluding that the
> movement
> to zero or reduced tillage, perhaps coupled with the homogeneity in
> cropping
> practices (hybrids, date of planting, rate of N, etc.) could have
> exacerbated the
> corn rootworm problem?
>
> > For European Corn Borer, destruction of host crop residues in the fall
> greatly
> > reduces the number of insects over wintering. This also aids in the
> control of
> > Tomato/Tobacco Hornworms for next season. However, if I am the only one
> in my
> > community that does this practice then there is not much of a benefit.
> > Research done in the '70s showed that crop destruction in the fall by
> mowing
> > was better than disking. Mowing is very expensive in time, fuel, &
> parts.
> > --
> > Byron Simonds
> > E-Mail : bsimonds@hertford
> > Internet: bsimonds@hertford.ces.ncsu.edu
> > Phone : (252) 358-7822
> > Fax : (252) 358-7880
> >
> > To Unsubscribe: Email majordomo@ces.ncsu.edu with the command
> > "unsubscribe sanet-mg". If you receive the digest format, use the
> command
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>
>
>
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> ------------------------------
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