>Some new scientific discoveries that made me wonder.
>I am not positive, but I think that organic farmers have been using
>kelp in similar ways for years. Maybe the next big discovery
>will be that feeding kelp to chickens (as Joel Salatin has been
>for years) is also beneficial.
one question: does the article say, whether the kelp was in dry
form or fresh ? and how much did they feed the cows ?
please take a look at the publication years of the
articles below
Kandiah, S.
Manurial value of some agricultural waste products,
wood ashes, seaweeds and water hyacinth.
Trop Agr [Ceylon] Jan/Mar. 1946 102(1):31-38
Chowdhury, S.
Manures and manuring. CH VIII. Sea-weed and water hyacinth.
Alahabad Farmer Nov. 1945 19:160-163
Walsh, T.
Kelp as a reverting material for superphosphate.
Erie Dept Agr J 1948 45:51-64
Bell, L. J.
Why the Cornish storm their beaches for seaweed.
Smallholder
Sep. 30, 1949 81(2061):16-17
Conlon, J.
Seaweed-the complete fertilizer.
Beet Grower Jan. 1951 4:261-264
Haun, T.H.
Sea vegetation, a source of natural trace minerals.
A medical view of agriculture. II-III.
New Agr June/July 1951 33(9):12-13;(10):12-13
Browne, M.B.
Seaweed as fertilizer and weed killer.
Grower [London] Nov. 13, 1954 42:945-947
Senn, T.L., Martin, J.A., Fox, D.F.
Gift from the sea. (Seaweeds as fertilizer for vegetables.)
Amer Veg Grower Nov. 1961 9(11):20
Webber, E.R.
Seaweed in agriculture.
Fert and Feed Stuffs J Mar. 8, 1961 54(5):197-198,203
Miles, G.P.L.
Seaweed for animal and plant nutrition.
Fert and Feed Stuffs J May 30, 1962 56(11):463-464
Great Britain Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries.
Seaweed as manure.
Gt Brit Min Agr and Fisheries Advisory Leaflet 200,
London 1943 2p.
Ireland Dept. of Agriculture
Seaweed as manure.
Ireland Dept Agr L 99 Oct. 1959 4p.
Commonwealth Bur of Soils
Bibliography on seaweed as fertilizers (1958-1942).
Commonwealth Bur Soil Sci [Annot. Bib.] Mar. 1960 3p.
Gt. Brit. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.
Seaweed as manure.
Gt Brit Min Ag Fish & Food Adv L 200 Feb. 1962 rev. 3p.
Commonwealth Bur of Soils
Bibliography on seaweed as fertilizers (1958-1942).
Commonwealth Bur Soil Sci [Annot. Bib.] Mar. 1960 3p.
Gt. Brit. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.
Seaweed as manure.
Gt Brit Min Ag Fish & Food Adv L 200 Feb. 1962 rev. 3p.
Jarrett, G.
The calcified seaweed story (Lithothamnium calcareum,
fertilizer for pastures).
The Soil Association Sep. 1979 6,i.e.,5(3):2-5
Howie, G.W.
The use of wrack in wartime. (Seaweed as manure)
Isle of Man Bd of Agr Increased Food Prod Advisory Leaflet 7
Peel 1941 5p.
Tseng, C.K.
Utilization of seaweeds.
Sci Monthly July 1944 59:37-46
Chidambaram, K., Unny, M.M.
Note on the value of seaweeds as manure (Abs.).
Int Seaweed Symp Proc 1952, pub. 1953 1:67-68
Little, E.C.S.
The decomposition rates and manurial value
of some common brown seaweeds.
Pacific Sci Cong Proc 1949, pub. 1953 7(5):83-91
Rosenauer, H.
Seaweeds, a plant food.
World Crops Sep. 1958 10(9):329-330
Francki, R.I.B.
Studies in manurial values of seaweeds. I-II.
Plant and Soil June 1960 12(4):297-323
Wachtel, T.
The use of seaweed as a fertilizer.
West Aust Dept Agr J 1961 (ser 4)
Venkataraman, G.S.
Algae, fertilizers of the future.
Indian Farming May 1962 12(2):6-7,15
Driggers, B.F., and Maurice, P.E.
Observations on the effect of seaweed extracts on strawberries
and peaches.
N J State Hort Soc Hort News May 1964 45(3):12,15
Ramanathan, K.M. and others
A study on the composting of sea-weeds.
Madras Agr J Nov. 1964 51(11):451-457
Commonwealth Bur. of Soils
Bibliography on seaweed as fertilizer (1964-1931)
revision of No. 288).
Commonwealth Bur Soils [Annot Bibliogr] 1965 903,7p.
Blunden, G., Challen, S.B., Woods, D.L.
Seaweed extracts as fertilizers.
J Sci Food Agr June 1968 19(6):289-293
Chase, J. L. H.
Seaweed, pollution and organic husbandry [Fertilizers]
Soil Assoc J Oct. 1970 16(4):221-223
Rapson, A.M., Moore, L.B., Elliott, I.L.
Seaweed as a source of potash in New Zealand.
New Zeal J Sci & Tech Mar. 1942 23:149B-170B
Myklestad, S.
Experiments with seaweed as supplemental fertilizer.
Int Symp Seaweed Res Proc 4th Symp
1961, pub. 1964 :432-438
Blunden, G.
The effects of aqueous seaweed extract as a fertilizer additive.
[Horticultural crops, foliar application]
In Intl Symposium on Seaweed Research, 7th Proceedings
1971 584-589
Stephenson, J. W.
Grow successfully with seaweed [Fertilizers]
Soil Assoc Jul. 1973 1(4):8-9
Biswas, D.K.
Integrated measures for control and utilization (as manure and
compost) of aquatic weeds.
Bhagirath; the irrigation & power quarterly New Delhi, Central
Water Comm. Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation
Jul. 1978 25(3):138-142
Blunden, G. Wildgoose, P.B., Nicholson, F.E.
The effects of aqueous seaweed extract on sugar beet (Cytokinin
activity).
Botanica Marina Dec. 1979 22(8):539-541
----
all taken from :
/pub/academic/agriculture/sustainable_agriculture/bibliography
(i hadn't archived the url completely, so i assume it to be
something like http://www.ncsu/pub/...)
Bibliography of organic gardening and farming books, periodicals
and journals dating from the 1800's to the 1960's. Prepared by
Preston Sullivan (now with A.T.T.R.A., Fayetteville, Ark.) at
North Carolina State University, Dept.of Soil Science
Released for use by sunSITE Sustainable Agriculture Archives
by Dr. Larry King, Dept. of Soil Science, N.C.S.U.
---
seaweed not only is a naturally used fertilizer for hundreds of year, but for at least the same time is also used as staple food in coastal regions of asia, south america and africa. their overall micronutrient content as fertilizer is smaller than that of nowadays fertilizer, but it is also more constant and broader (the shell of the earth, where fertilizers are explored, varies very much. it also varies among the different genus of seaweed).
3 additional things to mention:
it's not SOO bad to read about old facts in new publications. by these means people are reminded of old knowledge and it might get a new drive and a new chance under today's aspects. and up to now i did not find ANY source for beneficial effects of feeding seaweeds..
the coastal inhabitants have free and (almost also important) short transportation ways to "harvest" seaweed. so for them it is a very interesting way to add minerals to their fields. whether it is biologically (under medical aspects) useful to dry it and sell it as under multi license systems, i strongly doubt. but it's certainly economically useful to transport the dried seaweed into the country, because it's sundried (i.e almost for free).
noone of the guests in our institute for example in bangladesh or india would even have asked the question, if seaweed is useful and healthy !!! they told me of a lot of research in asian institutes and in my opinion the ONLY reason we never have heard of it, is the language barrier. older asian journals are unknown in europe (you don't get them in libraries) and the few i found, often were written in their natural language with a short english summary. now, does anyone here can read urdu or japanese ??? there's an enormous fundus of knowledge no western scientist is able to learn and that largely contributes to the different philosophies and points of view between them and us. maybe the problem is smaller at the west coast of the usa and australia, but here in europe asian science is "undiscovered land". i'm absolutely sure, there exist thousands of papers from asian agricultural and medical institutes about the use of seaweed.. there should be a reason, why japanese use it for their "miso".
like these western sources:
TI Earth Week: Deep-Sea Cures SO Houston Chronicle (12/16/96) P. 7C AB Researchers in search of new drug candidates to treat AIDS, cancer, Alzheimer's, and other disorders have begun exploring the oceans near the Bahamas. Using a high-tech submersible from Florida's Harbor Beach Oceanographic Institute, the scientists are collecting algae and other organisms that may produce unique chemical compounds. Previously, researchers isolated a group of compounds called topsentins from sea organisms that may be useful as a treatment for arthritis.
Copyright (c) 1996 - Information, Inc., Bethesda, MD. This information is provided by the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), National AIDS Clearinghouse as a public service. Noncommercial reproduction encouraged.
Jensen A. PRESENT AND FUTURE NEEDS FOR ALGAE AND ALGAL PRODUCTS Hydrobiologia. 261:15-23, 1993 Jun 18. A review of the present needs, mainly for production of phycocolloids and food condiments, is given. Supply and demand vary from balanced, in some, to disproportionate in other fields. World-wide shortage of agarophytes contrasts with huge, unexploited beds of brown seaweeds.
In future, partly conflicting trends will decide the needs for algae and algal products. Growth in the human population, pollution, overexploitation of land and lack of freshwater will encourage use of seaweeds. Modem biotechnology will favour this development, but will also be a serious threat to industrial exploitation of seaweeds. Future uses of marine algae will be decisively influenced by the effort put into and the results coming out of seaweed research.
Gerwick WH et al. BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE OXYLIPINS FROM SEAWEEDS Hydrobiologia. 261:653-665, 1993 Jun 18. Our previous research has shown that many red algae metabolize polyunsaturated fatty acids to oxidized products resembling the eicosanoid hormones from mammals. We have extended these studies to members of the Phaeophyceae and Chlorophyta and find they also possess similar biosynthetic pathways. From several we have identified novel prostaglandin-like substances. Studies of the molecular mechanisms by which some of these marine oxylipins are formed have revealed that novel oxidative reactions are utilized. Understanding of these biosynthetic pathways in detail has allowed their utilization to produce research biochemicals of high value, such as 12S-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HPETE). Because of their biological properties, seaweed-derived oxylipins have potential utility as pharmaceuticals and research biochemicals.
Crouch IJ. Vanstaden J. EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS IN COMMERCIAL SEAWEED PRODUCTS [Review] Plant Growth Regulation. 13(1):21-29, 1993 May. Although seaweeds and various seaweed products have been utilized in agricultural practices for many years, the precise mechanism by which they elicit their beneficial growth responses is still not fully understood. The amount of mineral nutrients in commercial preparations cannot account for the magnitude of the responses. Some other factor, such as the presence of endogenous plant growth regulators is, therefore, thought to be involved. This paper reviews the literature supporting evidence for the occurrence of plant hormones in commercial seaweed preparations.
evidently the minerals in the seawater were (and still are) very inportant for the first fishes, who later became amphibia, when they began their first "excursions" to the land. today it is assumed, that they did not develop bones for reasons of stability or walking and going upright, but because these primitive skeletons were their reservoir of minerals, which were so important to them and were not found on their food on land..
contrary:
what maybe gave seaweed a bad reputation in your country (here it is much less known), are these salescritters selling unproven algae like super blue green algae from f. example lake klamath for health purposes in *homoepathic doses* for 39,95$/10 pcs. they have such potions as pycnogenol, super blue green algae (aka pond scum. the faecal infections in klamath are so high, that fish poisoning is a annual summer event), g-d's recipe, and other have no demonstrated proof that they do anything against the condition. they even steal b-vitamins from your body's liver depots..
the sales are normally done with scare tactics, lies, and phony anecdotes about how such-and-such helped their neighbors kid and that parent stood by for ten zillion years while the evil pharmaceutical made the child grow two heads and a prehensile tail. however, if you want to suffer wds (wallet depletion syndrome) you could waste your money on it. remember: blue-green is also the color of your money !!!
klaus
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