Donna Fezler
217 243-7683
fax 217 245 2919
Jacksonville, IL
Endocrine, immune, and behavioral effects of aldicarb (carbamate), atrazine
(triazine) and nitrate (fertilizer) mixtures at groundwater concentrations
Toxicol Ind Health 1999 vol 15, issue 1-2 pp133-150
99204011
This paper describes the results of 5 years of research on interactive
effects of mixtures of aldicarb, atrazine, and nitrate on endocrine, immune,
and nervous system function. The concentrations of chemicals used were the
same order of magnitude as current maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for all
three compounds. Such levels occur in groundwater across the United States.
Dosing was through voluntary consumption of drinking water. We used
fractional and full factorial designs with center replicates to determine
multifactor effects. We used chronic doses in experiments that varied in
duration from 22 to 103 days. We tested for changes in thyroid hormone
levels, ability to make antibodies to foreign proteins, and aggression in
wild deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, and white outbred Swiss Webster
mice, Mus musculus, ND4 strain. Endocrine, immune, and behavior changes
occurred due to doses of mixtures, but rarely due to single compounds at the
same concentrations. Immune assay data suggest the possibility of seasonal
effects at low doses. We present a multiple-level model to help interpret
the data in the context of human health and biological conservation
concerns. We discuss six testing deficiencies of currently registered
pesticides, and suggest areas of human health concerns if present trends in
pesticide use continue.
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