>These papers show, among other things, that active Bt toxins can
>persist for extended periods of time in the soil, bound to *clay*
>particles, where they resist breakdown but retain activity.
Just a reminder that this reflects only part of the picture. In soils
with OM >3% clay particles are almost universally out of the equation
because they've been completely enveloped in organic matter. This is a
common flaw in many chemical pesticide adsorption studies as well.
Owing to temperature and oxygen dependent OM equilibria dynamics, this
clay envelopment phenomenon will be more common in cooler climates and
less well-drained soils. In theory, too, organic farms will have
higher OM.
I hope someone builds on the research and looks at the Bt -- OM
interaction too.
Does anyone know of any beneficial leps whose larval stage feeds in
agricultural soils ?
Bart Hall
Lawrence, Kansas
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