> Are there toxicological references on neem? If it has
> pesticidal properties (or repellant, at least?), I'd like to
> know it was fairly specific to the target species and didn't
> have broader effects on other ecosystem elements (like
> beneficial insects) or humans.
I was curious so I did a search on (neem or azadirach*) and (toxic* or
persistence) in Biosis and Agricola since the early 80's. Azadirachtin
interferes with insect moulting, and also inhibits feeding and is a
repellent. It is active against a wide range of insects and mites. Neem
oil cake controls nematodes, but high rates are needed, as much as 1.7
metric tons/ha.
I removed everything that was primarily about toxicity to insects and mites,
and ended up with 46 references, most with abstracts. It is too big to send
via Sanet, so I will send it to you separately. If anybody else wants it
let me know.
Neem seed is a complex material and efficacy (and probably non-target
toxicology) depends on how the oil is extracted. Pentane extracts were most
efficacious. All these products are toxic to molluscs and should not be
allowed to get into streams etc. Neem extract is also used as an
antiinflamitory drug, and indeed the toxic effects in mammals are similar to
aspirin and other salicylates. Shows some efficacy against malaria. The
oil cake can be fed to animals after suitable cleanup. Looks like this is
pretty darn safe stuff.
Dale
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