The Center for Sustainable Agricultural Systems (CSAS) in the Institute of
Agriculture and Natural Resources (IANR) at the University of
Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) is an interdisciplinary center formed in 1991 for the
purpose of bringing together people and resources to promote an agriculture
that is efficient, competitive, profitable, environmentally and socially
sustainable for the indefinite future. The electronic version of this
bimonthly newsletter is sent to SANET and PENPages 10-14 days before those
on our mailing list receive their hard copy. The newsletters are also
available along with other sustainable ag information on our World Wide Web
page: http://ianrwww.unl.edu/ianr/csas
Note: The electronic version is not sent to individual e-mail addresses. To
be added to the "hard copy" newsletter mailing list beginning with the next
bimonthly issue (not sent to overseas addresses), or for questions or
comments, contact the newsletter editor, Pam Murray, Coordinator, Center for
Sustainable Agricultural Systems, PO Box 830949, University of Nebraska,
Lincoln, NE 68583-0949, 402-472-2056, fax -4104, e-mail: csas001@unlvm.unl.edu.
* * *
CONTENTS:
CSAS PUBLISHES BOOK THAT REVIEWS SUSTAINABLE AG LITERATURE
NCR SARE SOLICITS PDP PROPOSALS
INTEGRATED FARM UPDATE: IMPACT OF SPRING-GRAZING CROP RESIDUES
EDUCATION IN SCANDINAVIA: FROM FARMING TO FOOD SYSTEMS
NSAS 1998 ANNUAL MEETINGS
ECOSYSTEMS PROVIDE VALUABLE "SERVICES" WORTH $33 TRILLION
USDA CREATES NEW OFFICE OF PEST MANAGEMENT
SANET-MG ARCHIVES: A VALUABLE RESOURCE
RESOURCES
DID YOU KNOW...
COMING EVENTS
* * *
CSAS PUBLISHES BOOK THAT REVIEWS SUSTAINABLE AG LITERATURE
Future Horizons: Recent Literature in Sustainable Agriculture (September
1997) is a compendium of reviews of 100 recent books and other resource
materials. This spiral-bound book provides a current overview of our state
of the art and recent thinking in this rapidly growing field. There are
reviews about the present condition of planet Earth, as related to food and
natural resources, also about both historical and current lessons in
sustainability. The often-repeated question of how to define sustainability
and how it relates to agroecology are explored. Economic and social
dimensions of sustainable systems, and lessons from farmers and others are
reviewed. Other chapters include soil quality and health, living with crop
pests, and the importance of ecology and natural systems. There is a diverse
chapter on different ways of knowing and learning, with reviews of texts,
reference works, and even novels. Among the authors whose works are reviewed
are David Orr, Wes Jackson, Herman Daly and John Cobb, Paul Hawken, Steve
Gliessman, Miguel Altieri, Fred Kirschenmann, Richard Thompson, Joel
Salatin, and Al Gore, plus more than 80 others. Several of the reviews are
reprinted with permission from journals, but most are the efforts of about
30 people who are actively working in this arena and volunteered for the task.
Modeled after the highly successful book In Praise of Nature by Stephanie
Mills (also reviewed), this project was developed under the SARE grant
"Increasing Trainer Literacy in Sustainable Agriculture," with a primary
audience of Extension educators and NRCS specialists. It's also a valuable
resource for the student who needs a quick appreciation of what is available
in the library, for the agency person who needs to get up to speed on a
completely new field, or for the farmer considering a conversion to more
sustainable systems. Edited by Gabriel Hegyes and Charles Francis, the book
is available for $10 (includes shipping) from the Center for Sustainable
Agricultural Systems, PO Box 830949, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
68583-0949, 402-472-2056. Make checks payable to University of Nebraska,
federal ID # 47-0491233.
By early next year the CSAS plans to have the reviews on its Web page:
http://ianrwww.unl.edu/ianr/csas.
Submitted by Charles Francis
NCR SARE SOLICITS PDP PROPOSALS
To clear up the alphabet soup title, the North Central Region Sustainable
Agriculture Research and Education office is soliciting proposals for the
next round of its Professional Development Program. The goal of PDP is to
train Cooperative Extension field staff, campus-based specialists, employees
of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, and other members of the
agricultural community in the concepts and practices of sustainable
agriculture. Two separate calls are being issued:
1) Annual call for PDP proposals (due February 13). Approximately $400,000
are available to fund educational/training projects such as demonstration
tours, workshops, conferences, and educational material development.
Encouraged are project that: foster partnerships among private and public
sectors, nonprofit sustainable agriculture organizations and land-grant
institutions; involve multiple states; propose creative outreach programs;
and include farmers/ranchers as
meaningful partners.
2) Call for region-wide sustainable agriculture PDP project and coordinator
(due February 20). Details of this call are being finalized as this goes to
press.
Both calls will be available on the Internet at:
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/san/htdocs/dev/nc/
For further information or application materials, contact the NCR SARE
office, 13-A Activities Bldg, U. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0840,
402-472-7081, sare001@unlvm.unl.edu.
INTEGRATED FARM UPDATE: IMPACT OF SPRING-GRAZING CROP RESIDUES
In Nebraska there are opportunities to spring-graze crop residues after
rotating cattle around stalk fields during the fall and winter. Snow cover
is too heavy some years for grazing during the winter, but stalks may be
grazed in the spring. We studied grazing impact on residue cover, water
infiltration rate, soil compaction, and subsequent crop yields in 1996 and
1997 on the Integrated Farm at the University of Nebraska Agricultural
Research and Development Center. The objectives were to: determine the
effect of spring-grazing of corn residue on subsequent corn yields under
irrigation; evaluate the impact on soil compaction and water infiltration
rates; and determine the change in residue cover.
The 1996 experiment was located on an irrigated three-acre site where soil
ranged from a sandy loam to a clay loam from the bottom to the top of the
hill. At a stocking rate of one head/acre, three steers averaging 650 lbs
grazed corn stalks from February 26 to April 22 (55 days). Exclosures were
placed in the field to compare grazed and ungrazed treatments. Following
removal of the cattle, soil infiltration measurements were taken using the
on-farm soil quality indices guide developed by John Doran of USDA
Agricultural Research Service. Measurements were taken in ungrazed plots and
in cattle hoof tracks in the grazed plots. Soil bulk density, a measure of
soil compaction, was taken to a depth of 6". Using the line-transect method
described by Dave Shelton of UNL, percent tracking and residue cover were
measured. Corn was planted no-till into this field on May 17 due to late
rainfall. This experiment was repeated in 1997 at the same location. Cattle
grazed the corn stalks from March 1 to April 22 (53 days), and corn was
no-till planted on May 8.
There were no differences in corn yields between spring-grazed and ungrazed
areas in either year. In 1996, corn yields were 205 and 193 bu/acre for
grazed and ungrazed treatments. It was one of the driest winters on record,
with approximately 1.2" of precipitation from January through March. Very
little rain fell while cattle were grazing corn stalks. There was
considerably more precipitation (primarily snow) in 1997. Wet conditions
kept fields muddy during the grazing period. Yields were reduced 9% by
grazing, from 209 to 228 bu/acre. In both years, only corn yields on the
sandy soil area showed considerably lower yields for the grazed treatment
compared to the ungrazed.
In both years, water infiltration rates were lower for the grazed treatment
compared to the ungrazed. In 1996, rates were .92 and 8.54"/hour for the
grazed and ungrazed treatments, respectively. Very dry conditions
contributed to the high infiltration rates for the ungrazed treatment. In
1997, water infiltration rates were .88 and 4.02"/hour for the grazed and
ungrazed treatments. The sandy soil site also had a very high water
infiltration rate compared to the silty loam and clay sites. Percent
tracking by cattle hooves was 49 and 54% for 1996 and 1997. By using the
average of the tracked and untracked areas, the water infiltration rates for
the grazed treatment were 4.80"/hour in 1996 and 1.92"/hour in 1997.
Compared to ungrazed areas, this is a reduction of 44 and 52% in water
infiltration rates. Fields with low infiltration rates may be subject to
potential runoff and erosion problems during an intense storm event, and
dryland corn could exhibit stress as a result of this water loss.
Soil bulk density measurements for the 0-6" depth in 1996 showed a 7%
increase for the grazed tracked areas compared to the ungrazed areas. In
1997 there were no differences. Following grazing, percent residue cover was
68% in 1996 compared to 90% for the ungrazed treatment. In 1997, residue
cover was reduced from 94% (ungrazed) to 82% (grazed areas). The lower
residue cover measurements in 1996 may be attributed to lower corn yields in
1995 (160 bu/acre). While percent residue cover was significantly reduced by
grazing, observations following an intense spring rain indicated the amount
of corn stalk residue remaining following grazing was still sufficient to
prevent erosion.
Results of this study indicate spring grazing can provide a readily
available feedstuff and reduce feed costs by reducing the time, labor and
cost of feeding hay to cattle in the spring before they go out on pasture.
Producers should implement the practice of spring-grazing of corn stalks on
a small scale and use careful management under muddy conditions because
grazing may impact subsequent crop yields. More research will be conducted
in 1998 on a larger scale to determine the effect of tillage following
grazing, and the effect on soybean yields following grazing of corn stalks
under irrigation.
Submitted by Gary Lesoing
EDUCATION IN SCANDINAVIA: FROM FARMING TO FOOD SYSTEMS
How do ecologically-oriented farmers plan their products and farms to be
viable components of the total food sector? This is a perspective seldom
viewed by graduate students in agricultural sciences as they pursue narrow
research questions in one department or discipline. The Scandinavian
countries are looking for ways to provide such an experience in their
regional educational program and special short courses.
The Third Nordic Postgraduate Course in Ecological Agriculture was held in
early summer 1997 for one week in Stange, Norway. Eighteen doctoral students
and eight faculty from eleven countries worked toward three educational
goals: (1) to acquire methods and conduct an in-depth analysis of an
ecological farming operation; (2) to evaluate each farm in the context of
processing, marketing, policy, and consumer demand for ecological food
products; and (3) to develop a farm plan to improve its financial,
ecological, and social viability for the long-term future. Students worked
in three teams in cooperation with nearby farmers and families to develop
these plans, following several visits to the farms and meetings with local
shopkeepers, policy makers, and consumers. The course culminated in group
reports presenting the potentials of each farm to better use their total
resource base to meet goals of the farm family.
Although one week is a short time to provide new methods and put them into
practice, the student/faculty teams did a remarkable job of assimilating
large amounts of information about each farm, learning about current and
future market opportunities, and developing farm plans consistent with the
soils, topography, climate, and economic environment of the region. Students
commented on the importance of learning soft systems methods for dealing
with complex human dimensions of farming operations. They appreciated the
chance to work with farmers first-hand, and to make multiple visits to a
farm to ask more questions and pursue key issues in greater depth. Several
noted the need to frame their own specific research questions in a broader
context of the whole food and social system.
The course provides a prototype for the development of learning modules in
a region-wide educational program for graduate study in Scandinavia. Among
the ideas for this network of learning institutions are practical in-field
education, working directly with specialists in all parts of the food
system, interactions among students and faculty in several countries, and
distance learning. There are important implications for future collaborative
learning activities with our own North Central Institute for Sustainable
Systems - in the exchange of ideas, teaching materials, students, and faculty.
Submitted by Charles Francis
NSAS 1998 ANNUAL MEETINGS
The 1998 Annual Meeting of the Nebraska Sustainable Agriculture Society
will address Wise Choices, Bright Futures: Questioning Trends in Food and
Farming Systems. The meeting will be in Aurora, Nebraska on February 28.
Dr. Charles Benbrook will join NSAS members for a day of presentations and
workshops on critical issues facing agriculture today. Dr. Benbrook will
present the implications of biotechnology on production agriculture, the
environment and consumers. His discussion will focus on changes in the seed
and pesticide industry, labeling issues, and the treatment of genetically
engineered organisms in the organic certification process. Dr. Benbrook is a
private consultant who works with consumer and environmental groups,
researchers and the government to explore policy issues and possible
solutions. Practical workshops will be held on sustainable hog production,
organic farming and gardening, biological pest management, urban gardening,
and rural zoning issues. An overview of the past ten years of research and
education projects funded through the USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research
and Education (SARE) program will be presented. Registration materials will
be included in the winter NSAS newsletter. For more information, call NSAS
at 402-254-2289.
The annual NSAS Western Conference will be held on January 31 in North
Platte. The theme will be Renewing People, Profit and the Environment for
Agriculture: Rural Community-Friendly Strategies. For details contact
western organizer Jane Sooby at 308-254-3918.
ECOSYSTEMS PROVIDE VALUABLE "SERVICES" WORTH $33 TRILLION
The "services" of the earth's ecosystems "represent part of the total
economic value of the planet," and are valued at $33 trillion per year,
according to an article by 13 ecologists, economists, and geographers in
Nature (May 15, 1997). "Because ecosystem services are not fully 'captured'
in commercial markets or adequately quantified in terms comparable with
economic services and manufactured capital, they are often given too little
weight in policy decisions," the authors wrote. "This neglect may ultimately
compromise the sustainability of humans in the biosphere. The economies of
the Earth would grind to a halt without the services of ecological
life-support systems, so in one sense their total value to the economy is
infinite."
Among the 17 services provided by ecosystems are nutrient cycling,
including "nitrogen fixation, N, P, and other elemental or nutrient cycles"
(valued at $17 trillion); erosion control and sediment retention, including
"prevention of loss of soil by wind, runoff, or other removal processes, and
storage of silt in lakes and wetlands;" soil formation, including
"weathering of rock and the accumulation of organic material;" pollination,
including "provisioning of pollinators for the reproduction of plant
populations;" biological control, including "keystone predator control of
prey species;" and genetic resources, including "medicine; products for
materials science; genes for resistance to plant pathogens and crop pests;
pets; ornamental species; and horticultural varieties of plants."
According to an article about the study in The New York Times (May 20,
1997), "nature performs a long list of other economic services as well.
Flood control, soil formation, pollination, food and timber production,
provision of the raw material for new medicines, recreational opportunities,
and the maintenance of a favorable climate are among them."
One way to put a value on such services, according to Newsweek (May 26,
1997), "is to figure out what it would cost to substitute technological
fixes for what nature does. Substituting chemical fertilizer for natural
nitrogen fixation, for instance, would cost at least $33 billion a year.
Growing crops without soil by substituting the hydroponic systems beloved of
urban gardeners would cost $2 million per acre in the United States."
Source: Reprinted from Alternative Agriculture News, June 1997, published by
Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture.
USDA CREATES NEW OFFICE OF PEST MANAGEMENT
The USDA announced in September the creation of an Office of Pest
Management that will serve as the agency's focal point for pesticide
regulatory issues. The new office is charged with integrating and
coordinating pesticide issues within the USDA, along with improving
communications with and strengthening the existing network of grower
organizations and crop specialists at land grant institutions. The agency
can now be more responsive to the agricultural community in developing
alternative pest management practices to meet critical needs that develop as
a result of the regulatory process, according to Deputy Agriculture
Secretary Richard Rominger.
Source: Alternative Agriculture News, October, 1997, published by Wallace
Institute for Alternative Agriculture.
SANET-MG ARCHIVES: A VALUABLE RESOURCE
Most readers of this newsletter are familiar with SANET-mg, an e-mail group
coordinated by the Sustainable Agriculture Network. What you may not know is
how easy it is to access archived messages on specific topics via Web pages.
For example, let's say you are interested in what e-mail messages have been
posted regarding the nutritional value of organically grown versus
conventionally grown food. In the SANET-mg DEBATES Web page
(http://www.pmac.net/debpost.htm), you will see a hot button titled
Nutrition and Food Systems. Clicking on that will get you a list of messages
under the heading "Is Organic Food More Nutritious?" The list shows sender,
date posted, and subject. Simply click on those you wish to read. Genetic
Engineering is one of the choices on the TOPICS Web page
(http://www.pmac.net/topics.htm). Selections under this heading include Bt
Transgenic Crops, Herbicide Tolerant Varieties, and Labeling. Learn what
your colleagues around the world are sharing via SANET-mg. For information
about subscribing to the e-mail group, see
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/san/htdocs/hypermail/. Note: You do not need to be
subscribed to SANET-mg in order to access the archived messages on the Web
pages.
RESOURCES
Agroecology: Ecological Processes in Sustainable Agriculture, 1998. $49.95.
Stephen Gliessman examines agroecological principles and theories in
textbook format for students at introductory and more advanced levels.
Provides overview of plant ecology, nutrition, photosynthesis and
environmental factors, and examines system-level phenomena in agriculture
such as population processes, genetic resources, diversity and energy use.
Provides case studies on several subjects, including soil management,
intercropping, cover cropping, raised-field systems in Mexico and Hopi
agriculture. Ann Arbor Press, 121 South Main Street, Chelsea, MI 48118,
313-475-8787.
How to Find Agricultural Information on the Internet. $12 (add $3 handling +
$0.99 Calif. tax). Shows farmers, ranchers, Extension agents, consultants
and gardeners the basics of choosing an Internet provider, figuring costs,
using electronic mail, getting answers from e-mail discussion groups,
searching the World Wide Web for practical information, finding graphics on
the Web, and copying information for their own use. University of California
DANR Communication Services, 6701 San Pablo Ave., Oakland, CA 94608-1239
(checks payable to UC Regents). VISA, MasterCard or purchase orders:
800-994-8849 or 510-642-2431.
Excerpts are on the SAREP Web site: http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu.
Reorganizing U.S. Agriculture: The Rise of Industrial Agriculture and Direct
Marketing, 1997. $6. Examines rise of corporate agriculture and associated
shift in production decisions to off-farm firms, and argues that farmers'
markets and community supported agriculture (CSA) programs are part of a
social movement to maintain farm-level control over production decisions.
Discusses changes in some state laws meant to prevent corporations from
controlling agriculture, and provides sales and production data about
farmers' markets and CSAs. Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative
Agriculture, 9200 Edmonston Rd, Suite 117, Greenbelt, MD 20770,
301-441-8777, hawiaa@access.digex.net, http://www.hawiaa.org.
Maximizing Shareholder Retention in Southeastern CSAs: A Step Toward Long
Term Sustainability, 1997. $8. Presents findings of study on what makes
community supported agriculture programs (CSAs) successful. Focuses on CSAs
in southeastern U.S., but provides conclusions that may have wider
relevance, including recommendations regarding marketing, farm management
and public education. Provides listing of CSA-related resources nationally.
Deborah Kane, 2703 NE 11th, Portland, OR 97212, 503-335-5970; tfa@teleport.com.
Sustainable Farming Systems: A Guide to the Transition, 1997. $6.50.
Describes transition to sustainable agriculture by 12 California farmers,
emphasizing general information rather than crop-specific guidelines.
Examines challenges and opportunities in social, economic and agricultural
aspects of this transition, including soil, water and pest management.
Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, One Shields Ave.,
University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8716, 916-752-7556,
sarep@ucdavis.edu, http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu.
Searching for the "O-Word": Analyzing the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA) Current Research Information System for Pertinence to Organic
Farming, 1997. $15. Examines extent of U.S. government funding for research
aimed at organic agriculture compared to conventional agriculture. Describes
history of U.S. organic research policy and usefulness of USDA research for
organic farmers. Makes recommendations for improving USDA's role in organic
research and information dissemination to organic farmers. Organic Farming
Research Foundation, PO Box 440, Santa Cruz, CA 95061, 408-426-6606,
research@ofrf.org.
Beyond Silent Spring: Integrated Pest Management and Chemical Safety, 1996.
$45.95. Explores how pesticide use and pest control have developed since
publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. Describes health and
environmental problems of pesticides, and examines integrated pest
management (IPM). Discusses international and institutional approaches to
implementing IPM and reducing hazardous pesticide use. Chapman & Hall, 7625
Empire Dr., Florence, KY 41042, 800-842-3636, order@chaphall.com.
Suppliers of Beneficial Organisms in North America. Free. The 1997 edition
lists 130 organisms available from 142 suppliers. California Department of
Pesticide Regulation, Environmental Monitoring and Pest Management Branch,
Attn.: Beneficial Organisms, 1020 N Street, Room 161, Sacramento, CA
95814-5624, 916-324-4100, chunter@cdpr.ca.gov. Also available at:
http://www.cdpr.ca.gov.
EPA has a Web site showing quality rankings of U.S. watersheds. Consumers
can look to the Internet to learn about the quality of water they drink or
use for recreation and to find which polluters threaten that water under a
program the EPA recently launched. The program includes the EPA's first
assessment of the quality of the 2,111 watersheds in the 48 contiguous
states, which showed 16% with good water quality and 21% with poor quality
or serious pollution threats. The EPA site gives information on 15 signs of
the health of a watershed:
http://www.epa.gov/surf/iwi.
The Gene Exchange. Free. Newsletter monitors policy, industry and research
regarding biotechnology worldwide. Beginning with the next issue, it will be
available via e-mail. Send e-mail to: genex@ucsusa.org. In the message type:
subscribe genex and your e-mail address. UCS Agriculture and Biotechnology
Program, 1616 P Street NW, Suite 310, Washington, DC 20036-1434,
202-332-0900, jrissler@ucsusa.org, http://www.ucsusa.org.
Results from the extensive Nebraska Rural Poll (1996-97) are available at
http://ianrwww.unl.edu/ianr/agecon/rural/ruralpaper.htm.
DID YOU KNOW...
In response to calls from members of parliament to make the country totally
organic by 2010, the Danish government is initiating an assessment of the
impacts of a total pesticide ban in the country. A committee of experts from
government, the food and chemical industry, labor and environmental, health
and consumer organizations will deliver a report to the Ministers of
Environment and Energy by the end of 1998.
USDA, EPA and FDA have called for a national committee to develop and
implement IPM methods on 75% of total U.S. crop acreage by 2000.
Representatives of 163 nations agreed to phase out methyl bromide, a highly
toxic pesticide that is also a powerful ozone depleter, at the 10th
anniversary of the Montreal Protocol, September 9-17, 1997. The agreement
states that industrialized nations will completely phase out methyl bromide
by 2005, and developing countries by 2015. The U.S. accounts for
approximately 40% of global methyl bromide use and has already set 2001 as
the phaseout date.
In a November 12 release, the Energy Information Administration said U.S.
energy use is expected to increase by 27% between now and the year 2020.
According to the report, Searching for the "O-Word" (see Resources), USDA
devotes less than one-tenth of one percent of its research budget to organic
farming systems.
COMING EVENTS
Contact CSAS office for more information.
Jan. 9-10 — Great Plains Vegetable Conference, St. Joseph, MO
January 21-24 — 18th Annual Ecological Farming Conference, Pacific Grove, CA
Jan. 22-25 — Southern SAWG Annual Conference & Trade Show, Memphis, TN
Jan. 30 — 17th Annual Organic Conference and Eco-Products Trade Show,
Ontario, Canada
http://www.gks.com/OrgConf/
Jan. 31 — NSAS Western Conference (see article this issue)
Feb. 10-12 — Managing Manure in Harmony with the Environment and the
Society, Ames, IA
Feb. 20-21 — Upper Midwest Organic Farming Conference, Sinsinawa, WI
Feb. 26-28 — Conference of the North American Farmers' Direct Marketing
Association and the North American Strawberry Growers Association,
Victoria, BC Canada
http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/agric/nafdmc/dfmchome.htm
Feb. 28 — NSAS Annual Meeting (see article this issue)
Mar. 5-6 — National SARE Conference - Building on a Decade of Sustainable
Agriculture Research & Education: Sharing Experiences to Improve Our
Agriculture, Austin, TX
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/san/
Mar. 29-Apr. 1 — 1998 North American Conference on Pesticide Spray Drift
Management,
Portland, ME
http://www.state.me.us/agriculture/pesticides/drift/
June 1 — First International Conference: Geospatial Information in
Agriculture and Forestry, Lake Buena Vista, FL
http://www.erim.org/CONF/conf.html
June 3-6 — Conference: Who Owns America II: How Land and Natural Resources
are Owned and Controlled, Madison, WI
July 5-9 — Soil and Water Conservation annual conference, Balancing Resource
Issues: Land, Water, People, San Diego, CA
"Yesterday is history. Tomorrow is a mystery. Today is a GIFT. That is why
it is called the PRESENT."
- Unknown
"Aldo Leopold wrote that every farm is a portrait of the farmer, but I would
add that every landscape is a portrait of the community."
- Paul Johnson, USDA-NRCS Chief
***********************
Pam Murray, Coordinator
Center for Grassland Studies and
Center for Sustainable Agricultural Systems
PO Box 830949
University of Nebraska
Lincoln, NE 68583-0949
phone: 402-472-9383
fax: 402-472-4104
e-mail: csas001@unlvm.unl.edu
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